句子开头的多样化

3．句子开头的多样化

英语写作者叙述句子主语时，有时会养成单调的习惯。当然，主语通常是置于句子之首。在这一章中，你会发现很多句子是以主语开始的。下段的第一句便是一例。但是为求多变及灵活的风格，英语写作者常常把词、短语及从句放在句子的主语前面。这样做避免了段落中所有句子以相同方式开头的那种单调性。

下列例子可帮助你学会怎样使句子的开头多样化：

1）以同位语为句子的开始

主语在前             The forest ranger，an expert in forest fire control，

                           talked to the campers about safety in the woods．

改变词序             An expert in forest fire control，the forest

同位语在前          ranger talked to the campers about safety in the woods．

                           森林控火专家，即那个护林员，向露营者谈了有关

                           森林安全的问题。

2）用单个修饰语作句子的开头

主语在前                           The time for decision had finally come．

作决定的时刻终于来到了。

单个修饰语在前                 Finally，the time for decision had come．

                                         终于，作决定的时刻到了。

主语在前                           Cardinal Richelieu was shrewd and powerful

                                          and had enormous influence upon the king

                                         of France．

                                         红衣主教黎塞留精明而有权威，他对法兰西

                                         国王颇具影响力。

单个修饰语在前                 Shrewd and powerful，Cardinal Richelieu had

                                         enormous influence upon the king of France．

                                         精明而有权威的红衣主教黎塞留对法兰西

                                         国王颇具影响力。

3）用短语修饰作句子的开头

主语在前                     Madame Curie was an industrious worker in

                                   the scientific laboratory．

                                   居里夫人是那个科学实验室里一个勤勉的工

                                   作者。

介词短语前置              In the scientific laboratory，Madame Curie

                                    was an industrious worker．

                                   在那个科学实验室，居里夫人是一个勤勉的工

                                   作者。

主语在前                     The inspectors looked through several suitcases to find

                                    the hidden papers．

                                   检查人员检查了几只箱子，想找出那份隐藏的

                                   文件。

不定式短语前置           To find the hidden papers，the inspectors looked

                                    through several suitcases．

                                   为了找到那份隐藏的文件，检查人员查看了几只

                                   箱子。

主语在前                     Von Karajan conducted Fidelio without waiting for

                                    news of his revised contract．

                                   卡拉加公爵没有等待修改合同的消息，便实施

                                   了菲迪隆计划。

动名词短语前置           Without waiting for news of his revised contract，

                                   Von Karajan conducted Fidelio．

                                   没有等待修改合同的消息，卡拉加公爵便实施

                                   了菲迪隆计划。

主语在前                     Confucius studied people's actions and learned a great

                                   deal about human nature．

                                   孔子研究了人类的行为，并且对人性有了深入

                                   的了解。

分词短语前置              Studying people's actions，Confucius learned

                                   a great deal about human nature．

                                   通过对人类行为的研究，孔子对人性有了深入

                                   的了解。

4）用从句修饰作句子的开始

主语在前                 The gardeners had to plant roses when they ran out

                                of carnations．

                               园丁们只好种些玫瑰，当他们用完了麝香石竹时。

副词从句前置          When they ran out of carnations，the gardeners had

                               to plant roses．

                               当麝香石竹用完后，园丁们只好种些玫瑰。

主语在前                 The young representative's fondest hope was that

                               the legislature would pass the anti-smoking bill．

                               那个年轻议员的最大愿望是立法机构会通过禁

                               烟法令。

名词从句前置          That the legislature would pass the anti-smoking

                               bill was the young legislator's fondest hope．

                               立法机构会通过禁烟法是那个青年议员的最

                               大愿望。